Maple tree (Acer truncatum) variety named Super Dragon

ABSTRACT

A novel variety of the maple tree  Acer truncatum  was discovered in North Texas. It has a smaller mature size than typical Shantung maple mature size, and its leaves have an unusually deep cut between lobes, extending about two-thirds (⅔) of the distance from tip to base, with a distinctively elongate and narrow (almost thread-like) unfurling central lobe that widens as it matures. It exhibits consistent yellow-green leaf color throughout the spring, summer and fall, developing striking red-orange and yellow-pink coloration variations in the fall. Its coloration contrasts sharply to its lighter yellow-green veins which appear almost white and enhanced as the leaf darkens somewhat during summer. The variety known as ‘Super Dragon’ also is extremely tolerant to direct summer sun and drought conditions.

LATIN NAME OF THE GENUS AND SPECIES AND THE VARIETY DENOMINATION OF THE PLANT CLAIMED

Acer truncatum ‘Super Dragon’

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates generally to a new and distinct variety of decorative maple tree known generally by the scientific name Acer truncatum. I discovered it growing in a cultivated area in my nursery in Fort Worth, Tex., in 2006. I have given it the name ‘Super Dragon’ because of its noticeable and distinctive yellow-green leaves and orange and pink-to-red new growth colors.

No federally sponsored research or development was involved in this invention.

2. Background

Maple trees provide desirable shade from spring to fall and typically shed their leaves for winter, thereby providing useful surrounding vegetation where summer sunlight may be excessive and winter sunshine is desirable. Displaying striking colors, maple trees are characteristically ornamental and provide pleasing and varying visual effects throughout their foliage period.

The Acer truncatum maple tree, commonly called “Shantung” maple, is a newly introduced tree in the United States which does exceptionally well in the Midwest in hot climates and heavily alkaline soils. Shantung maples generally are characterized by having truncated base lobes near the leaf petiole and by having a prominent central lobe, giving the leaf a distinctly ovate-truncate shape. Fall foliage appears yellow, with occasional areas of lesser reds or orange mixed with yellow, though the latter seldom is repeated in subsequent years.

The instant novel variety of maple tree now discovered exhibits striking yellow-green colors throughout its growing season, along with red, orange and yellow spring colors and pink to orange and red summer growth. Other Shantung varieties that are prone to exhibit green new growth in warm weather, but the instant novel variety has never done so.

The instant novel variety of maple tree also thrives in full sun, even Texas summer sun, whereas other yellow-leaf maples easily burn in direct summer sunlight during heat waves, even in northern climates.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The novel cultivar of the present invention, named Acer truncatum ‘Super Dragon,’ is believed to be a variant of Acer truncatum but distinguished by good heat tolerance, including tolerance to direct sun, and a consistent yellow-green leaf color throughout the spring, summer and fall, developing striking red-orange and yellow-pink coloration variations in the fall, and a smaller mature size. Specifically:

(a) its leaves have an unusually deep cut between lobes, extending about two-thirds (⅔) of the distance from tip to base, with a distinctively elongate and narrow (almost thread-like) unfurling central lobe that widens as it matures;

(b) its yellow-green leaf colors contrast sharply to the lighter yellow-green veins, appearing almost white and enhanced as the leaf darkens somewhat during summer;

(c) it is smaller than typical Shantung maple mature size; and

(d) it is extremely tolerant to direct summer sun and drought conditions.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A-1C are photographic views of mature original trees in differing settings, from crowded undergrowth (FIG. 1A), roadside (FIG. 1B) and open field (FIG. 1C), all in summer.

FIGS. 1D-1E are photographic views of the upper portions of mature original trees in fall.

FIG. 2A is a photographic view of the mature original tree of FIG. 1A in winter, showing bare limbs and typical branch structure.

FIG. 2B is a photographic close-up view of the mature original tree of FIG. 1A showing the tree's bark characteristics.

FIG. 2C is a photographic close-up view of the major branches of the mature original tree of FIG. 1A.

FIG. 3A is a photographic close-up of a typical terminal bud from the mature original tree of FIG. 1A.

FIGS. 3B-3C are a photographic close-up views of individual leaves with varying coloration: summer old growth (FIG. 3B) and fall (FIG. 3C), typical of the mature original tree of FIG. 1A.

FIG. 4A is a photographic close-up view of early spring growth of the mature original tree of FIG. 1A.

FIGS. 4B-4D are photographic close-up views of new-growth leaves exhibiting typical June color variations: red (FIG. 4B), pink (FIG. 4C) and orange (FIG. 4D) of the mature original tree of FIG. 1A.

FIG. 4E is a photographic view of summer foliage on hardened branches, exhibiting summer coloration of new growth, of the mature original tree of FIG. 1A.

FIGS. 5A-5D are distant and close-up photographic views of fall leaves exhibiting yellow-green and red coloration variations.

FIGS. 5E-5F are distant and close-up photographic views of fall leaves exhibiting the striking contrast between leave and vein coloration, and the almost white veins unique to this variety.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The instant variety of maple tree was discovered as a seedling growing among a group of other maple tree seedlings of the Acer truncatum species at my nursery in Fort Worth, Tex., in 2006. It was successfully asexually reproduced at said nursery by grafting onto other Acer truncatum seedlings and by semi-hardwood cuttings. The novel characteristics are reliably transmitted to succeeding generations.

With reference to the six (6 y.o.) year old trees depicted in the figures, the following specific description of the instant maple variety details its unique characteristics. Color terminology refers to The 2001 Royal Horticultural Society (R.H.S.) Colour Chart.

-   Origin: A tree of unknown origin, Super Dragon maples are similar to     other Acer truncatum varieties except for spring, summer and fall     leaf coloration, leaf shape and a notable tolerance for exposure to     direct sun and heat conditions. -   Leaf colors: In particular, the spring leaf coloration exhibits     early red-orange (RHS 35A) overtones rather than the normal     reddish-purple (RHS 60D) overtones of typical Acer truncatum. Its     veins are a contrasting light orange-yellow (RHS 22C), giving the     leaves a distinctive coloration. The coloration soon changes to the     orange-yellow (RHS 22C) of the early veins, while the veins shift to     a bright, yellow green (RHS 150C). In late spring, the colors mature     into a bright yellow-green (RHS 150C) for the leaves and a light     yellow-green (150D) for the veins. As summer proceeds, the leaves     darken to a yellow (RHS 154C) while the veins remain bright     yellow-green (RHS 150D), presenting a stunningly attractive contrast     to the leaves which persists throughout the hot weather prevalent in     summer in Texas. New summer growth can vary from orange (RHS 28C)     (see FIG. 4B) to pink (RHS 35D) (FIG. 4C) to red (RHS 35C) (FIG.     4D). The leaves never turn green in summer as do other Acer     truncatum varieties. Fall coloration can be a deeper yellow (RHS 4C)     mixed with red (RHS 35C), whereas other Acer truncatum leaves are     mostly yellow, with only occasional areas of lesser red or orange     mixed with yellow, and seldom repeated in subsequent years. -   Leaf shape: Leaf shape substantially matches the typical Acer     truncatum profile but differs by having (a) truncated base with five     oblong-ovate lobes, deeply cut two-thirds of way from tip to leaf     base; (b) unusually long and tapered central lobes, sometimes almost     thread-like for a substantial portion of the tip when unfurling,     widening as it matures (Acer truncatum has a prominent central lobe,     creating an ovate-truncate shape); and (c) smaller than typical     Shantung size. -   Classification: Acer truncatum ‘Super Dragon’. -   Parentage: Unknown; believed to be a seedling variation, mutation or     adaptation of Acer truncatum. -   Shape: Deciduous tree with rounded, open crown of uniform spread and     many vigorous, crowded branches. See FIGS. 1A-2B. Caliper size is     one (1″) inch in six (6) years, measured eighteen (18″) inches up     from ground level. A low-branched trunk produces a shrubby tree if     left alone (FIG. 1A), but if pruned to four (4) or more feet before     being allowed to branch, if produces a more upright shade tree     (FIGS. 1B-1C). -   Height: Three (3 m) meters at six (6) years, increasing less than     one-half (0.5 m/yr) meter per year, slowing with age but expected to     reach five to seven (5-7 m) meters at maturity, smaller than typical     of Acer truncatum (12-15 meters at maturity). See FIGS. 1A-1C.     Grafted trees grow faster, typically one-half (0.5 m/yr) meter per     year, but other growth factors are the same on grafted and own-root     trees. -   Spread: Comparatively slow growth results in a rounded crown of     equal spread. Two and one-half to three (2½-3 m) meters at six (6)     years, increasing an average of one-half (0.5 m/yr) meter per year,     slowing with age but expected to reach five to seven (5-7 m) meters     at maturity, smaller than typical of Acer truncatum (12-15 meters at     maturity). The instant maple variety, Super Dragon, can be a     typically low-branched, shrubby tree, but it lends itself to pruning     into a straight trunk of four (4 ft.) feet or more before branching.     See FIG. 1C. -   Trunk: Heavily fissured bark with light brown raised areas and dark     brown recessed areas. See FIG. 2B. Size increases approximately     one-half (0.5 cm) centimeters per growing season. -   Branches: Current year wood is the same, yellow-green color as the     leaves. Red variations remain only on the sunny side and change to     leaf vein color, then changing to a light gray and brown. Shoots are     yellow-green, atypical for Acer truncatum varieties. Late season     current shoots can display a darker, red-brown and yellow-brown     color in winter, similar to the leaf but darker. Third year wood is     very hard and dense. Lenticels are sparse, straw-colored and oval.     See FIGS. 2B-2C. -   Leaves:     -   -   Size.—Typically smaller than other of Acer truncatum             varieties; six and one-half (6.5 cm) centimeters wide by six             and eight-tenths (6.8 cm) centimeters long. Largest sampled:             8.7×9.7 centimeters. Smallest sampled: 5.0×5.6 centimeters.         -   Shape.—Truncate base typical of Acer truncatum varieties.             Glabrous with five (5) oblong-ovate lobes, deeply cut             two-thirds of way from tip to leaf base. Margins entire and             very wavy, except for late season summer growth, which has             nearly flat margins due to Texas heat. Broad, triangular             teeth on central lobes, sometimes occurring also on one or             both neighboring lobes. Central lobes are unusually long and             tapered, sometimes almost thread-like for a substantial             portion of the tip when unfurling, widening as they mature.             Acuminate apices and tufted, veined axils on the underside.             Waxy cuticle typical of Acer truncatum, creating a glossy             shine at certain angles of sunlight. Leaves are the same             color on top and bottom, with slightly, noticeably lighter             colored, striking raised veins on the both sides. See FIGS.             3B-3C.         -   Color.—Brilliant yellowish green with brilliant, lighter             yellowish-green veins, slightly greener in low light, shady             conditions. All leaves on a single tree are uniform in color             regardless of sunlight exposure (i.e. whether full sun or             some shade). Early flush has moderate red-orange (RHS 35A)             leaves with light orange-yellow (RHS 22C) veins. Full early             spring leaf coloration develops the same light orange-yellow             (RHS 22C) of the early veins, while the veins turn a bright             yellow green (RHS 150C). Later spring leaves develop a             yellow-green (RHS 150C) coloration, darkening to a darker             yellow (RHS 154C) in late June to July. Late spring and             summer veins, however, retain their bright yellow-green (RHS             150D) coloration, appearing white (atypical of other             Shantung maples) and creating a stunning contrast with the             summer leaf colors. Summer new growth during hot weather             prevalent in Texas can be red (RHS 35C) (FIG. 4D), pink (RHS             35D) (FIG. 4C) and orange (RHS 28C) (FIG. 4B). Hardened             growth foliage has the same coloration on both the tops and             bottoms of the leaves. See FIGS. 1A-1C, 3B. Fall coloration             exhibits red (RHS 35C) (FIG. 5C), pink (RHS 35D) (FIG. 5D)             and orange (RHS 28C) (FIGS. 5E-5F) color variations. -   Petiole: Slender, same color as new growth, slowly changing to the     colors of the leaf veins. Six (6 cm.) in length, glabrous. See FIGS.     3B-3C, 5C. Milky sap produced when broken. -   Winter buds: Terminal buds three millimeters long by one and     one-half millimeters wide (3×1.5 mm), usually brown grey.     Occasionally terminal buds on soft shoots (late season growth)     display a dark red and yellow tone all winter. Lateral buds     generally similar but smaller (2 mm×1 mm). See FIG. 3A. -   Flowering: None observed. Expected to be the same as other     Shantungs. Flowering season for Acer truncatum is Spring (mid-March     in Texas), before or simultaneously with leaves on terminal,     typically forty by forty to sixty (40×40-60 mm) millimeter corymbose     racemes having unequal, ten to twenty (10-20 mm.) millimeter length     stems. Each 5-merous bloom is deep saucer-shaped, ten (10 mm)     millimeters long and eight (8 mm) deep, with oblong to ovate petals     and supported on one (1 cm) centimeter pedicels. Straw yellow (RHS     3C) color. -   Reproductive organs: None observed; expected to be the same as other     Acer truncatum varieties, being imperfect; monoecious; trees first     produce blooms of one gender, then of the other, then of the first     again, often having both at the same time; approximately half of     trees begin with each gender. Acer truncatum blooms have a central,     circular, slightly lobed, straw yellow (RHS 3C) pistil with an ovary     supported on two divergent stigma arms with short, one (1 mm)     styles. Pistil is surrounded by eight to ten (8-10) one (1 mm)     millimeter, glabrous stamens with numerous oval, two (2 mm)     millimeter anthers on five to six (5-6 mm) millimeter filaments. In     male flowers, filaments are longer, sometimes extending the anthers     above the perianth, with a diminished pistil and vestigial ovary.     Female blooms have shorter filaments wherein the smaller anthers are     almost concealed within the perianth. -   Pollen: None observed; expected to be the same as other Acer     truncatum varieties, having same color as flowers (straw yellow —     RHS 3C). -   Fruit: None observed; expected to be very similar to other Acer     truncatum varieties, having pendulous, yellow-to-reddish,     wide-angled samaras, three (3 cm) centimeters long by one (1 cm)     centimeter wide, with ovoid or obovoid, smooth and flattened nutlets     one and one-half (1.5 cm) centimeters long, one (1 cm) broad and two     to three (2-3 cm) centimeters thick, ripening in the fall (October     in Texas). Shantung seeds are light green, the same as the bases of     the swolen petiole attachment; if Super Dragon has this     characteristic, its seed color should be yellow-green (RHS 150C). -   Disease resistance: No known problems. -   Climate: Adapts well to any well-drained soil, even highly alkaline,     clay soils. Very drought, wind and direct sunlight tolerant.     Extremely hardy to at least Zone 5 and possibly to Zone 4 (USDA     hardness guidelines). As drought and sunshine tolerant as other Acer     truncatum varieties, it exhibits a good ability to keep healthy new     growth without wilting under extreme heat and direct, intense     sunlight conditions, as well as thriving in shady environments. -   Comparison to other Acer truncatum varieties:     -   -   Crown.—Similar rounded crown; smaller expected height and             spread.         -   Trunk.—Similar heavily fissured trunk, with light brown             raised areas between dark brown fissures.         -   Flowers.—Similar straw-yellow, identical in size.         -   Reproductive organs.—Similar monoecious imperfect, pollen             same color as blooms.         -   Fruit.—Expected to be similar or identical, except a             yellow-green color.         -   Leaf color.—Brilliant yellowish-green colors, with lighter,             yellowish-green veins consistently throughout the year and             on both sides of the leaf. New growth exhibits red-orange             (RHS 35A) with light orange-yellow (RHS 22C) veins, maturing             in early Spring to orange-yellow (RHS 22C) leaves with             bright yellow-green (RHS 150C) veins. By summer, leaves             become a darker yellow (RHS 154C) but retaining bright (RHS             150D) veins. Typical Shantung leaves, by contrast, turn a             spinach-green (RHS 140A) on the top with a slightly lighter             (RHS 140c) color on the bottom after Spring. Fall coloration             of Super Dragon exhibits a distinctive red (RHS 35C) pink             (RHS 35D) and orange (RHS 28C) tones with strikingly             contrasting, almost white veins, in comparison to the normal             yellow to orange with occasional red areas of typical Acer             truncatum.         -   Leaf shape and size.—Glabrous, with truncated leaf bases             typical of Shantung maples. Super Dragon always has five,             oblong-ovate lobes, and is deeply cut between lobes             approximately two-thirds of distance between tip and leaf             base. Margins are entire and wavy, similar to most of             Shantung population. Central lobes have large, broad             triangular teeth which sometimes occur on adjacent side             lobes. Typical central lobe appears longer than normal,             almost thread-like when unfurling, widening as it matures.             Leaf size averages 6.5 centimeters, 2.5 centimeters smaller             than typical of Shantung maples.         -   Hardiness.—As heat and drought tolerant. Where most Acer             truncatum varieties survive reliably in the extreme climate             conditions, alkaline soils and urban pollution conditions of             North Texas, Super Dragon maples seem to have a rare ability             to withstand full sunshine and heat in which other             yellow-leaf maples easily burn. Super Dragon maples can             withstand full sun in the Midwest and lower South, and is             extremely hardy to at least Zone 5 and possibly Zone 4. It             thrives in said conditions, keeping healthy new growth             without wilting even in extreme heat conditions, yet is             tolerant of ice and wind storms, and is equally comfortable             in low light or bright sunny locations. 

I claim:
 1. A new and distinct variety of an Acer truncatum maple tree named “Super Dragon”, as described and illustrated herein. 